Structural Engineering

Concrete design has transitioned over time from the traditional working stress method to the more advanced ultimate limit state approach. Until the 1950s, structural design primarily relied on the working stress method. However, starting in the 1970s, the adoption of limit state design became widespread due to its ability to provide safer and more economical … Read more

The first ever 3D-printed steel bridge has opened in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It was created by robotic arms using welding torches to deposit the structure of the bridge layer by layer, and is made of 4500 kilograms of stainless steel. The 12-metre-long MX3D Bridge was built by four commercially available industrial robots and took six … Read more